Introduction to Computers : Peter Norton

 

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Foundations Of Computing: From Hardware Essentials To Web Design GXEST203 2024 scheme Dr Binu V P

About Me  - Dr Binu V P Syllabus Scheme and Assessments Lesson Plan - GXEST203 Reference Invitation to Computer Science  G. Michael Schneider, Judith Gersting The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software, & Networking: Irv Englander Introduction to Computers : Peter Norton Linux For Developers  William Rothwell Teach Yourself HTML, CSS and JavaScript  Julie C. Meloni Jennifer Kyrnin Module-1 Basic Computer Architecture Memory Hierarchy Registers Operation of Memory Cache Memory RAM and ROM Virtual Memory Motherboard Input Output Devices Characteristic of I/O Devices I/O Communication     Programmed I/O     Interrupts     Direct Memory Access Introduction to Storage Devices-HDDs, SSDs, Optical Storage Devices Solid State Memory Magnetic Disks Interface Cards Buses Firmware Boot Process Module-2 Number Representations Binary Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers Bit Bytes Kilobytes Alpha Numeric Character Data- AS...
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Computer Architecture

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  Basic Architecture of a Computer A computer system is organized into several key components that work together to perform operations. These components are based on the Von Neumann architecture , which includes the CPU, memory, input/output devices, and interconnections. Here is a detailed explanation of the core components: 1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) The CPU is the brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions. It consists of three main subcomponents: Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division). Executes logical operations (AND, OR, NOT, XOR) for decision-making. Works directly with data fetched from registers or memory. Control Unit (CU): Directs and coordinates the activities of the computer. Decodes instructions fetched from memory and sends control signals to other components (ALU, memory, I/O). Ensures instructions are executed in the correct sequence. Registers: Small, high-speed storage...
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Memory Hierarchy

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  Memory Hierarchy: A Beginner's Explanation The memory hierarchy in a computer system is a structured arrangement of different types of memory based on speed , cost , and capacity . It ensures efficient data processing by providing faster, smaller memory close to the CPU and larger, slower memory farther away. Levels in the Memory Hierarchy The memory hierarchy is typically represented as a pyramid with the fastest and smallest memory at the top and the slowest and largest at the bottom. Let's explore each level: 1. Registers Location: Inside the CPU. Speed: Fastest memory, as they are part of the processor. Capacity: Very small (a few bytes or kilobytes). Cost: Extremely expensive per byte. Purpose: Temporary storage for data being processed. Hold immediate values like intermediate results, instructions, or addresses. Example: The Accumulator, Program Counter, and Instruction Register. 2. Cache Memory Location: Located between the CPU and main memory (or inside the CPU...
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