Foundations Of Computing: From Hardware Essentials To Web Design GXEST203 2024 Scheme - Dr Binu V P

  Basic Windows Commands for Beginners Windows Command Prompt (CMD) is a powerful tool that allows users to interact with the operating system directly. Learning basic commands can enhance troubleshooting skills and improve productivity. This blog covers essential Windows commands with simple explanations and examples. 1. Opening Command Prompt Command: cmd Explanation: Opens the Command Prompt. Example: Press Windows + R . Type cmd and press Enter. 2. Displaying Current Directory Command: cd Explanation: Displays or changes the current directory. Example: cd Documents Changes to the Documents directory. 3. Viewing Files and Folders Command: dir Explanation: Lists files and directories in the current directory. Example: dir Shows all files and folders in the current location. 4. Creating a New Folder Command: mkdir Explanation: Creates a new directory. Example: mkdir NewFolder Creates a folder named NewFolder. 5. Deleting a Folder Command: rmdir Explanation: Removes a di...

  Introduction to Computer System Software and Operating Systems 1. Introduction to System Software System software is a type of computer program designed to manage hardware and provide a platform for running application software. It acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the user applications, ensuring smooth and efficient operation of the system. Types of System Software: Operating Systems (OS): The most essential software that manages computer hardware and software resources. Utility Programs: Software designed to help in system maintenance and optimization (e.g., antivirus, disk cleanup tools). Device Drivers: Programs that allow the operating system to communicate with hardware components (e.g., printer drivers, graphics card drivers). Firmware: Low-level software embedded in hardware components, providing essential control functions. 2. What is an Operating System? An Operating System (OS) is the primary system software that manages all the hardware a...

In a  peer-to-peer (P2P) network , there is no central server. Instead, each device (or "peer") in the network can act as both a client and a server, directly sharing resources with other peers. This means each device can request resources from and provide resources to other devices on the network. Key Features of Peer-to-Peer Networks Decentralized Structure : Unlike client-server networks, where a central server manages resources, P2P networks are decentralized. Every peer has equal authority, meaning there’s no single point of control. Direct Communication : Peers communicate directly with each other, sharing resources like files, applications, or network bandwidth without needing an intermediary server. Resource Sharing : In a P2P network, resources such as files, processing power, and storage space are shared among the devices, making it highly collaborative. Each peer contributes part of its resources, benefiting the entire network. How Peer-to-Peer Networks Work In a P...

What is a Client-Server Network? A client-server network is a type of network architecture where multiple devices (clients) communicate with a central device (the server) to access resources or services. Think of it like a library system where the server is the library, and the clients are the people who come to borrow books. In this setup, the client is any device (like a computer, smartphone, or tablet) that requests information or services, and the server is the powerful computer that provides the resources, such as files, data, or applications. How Does It Work? Client Request: A client sends a request to the server. For example, when you open a website on your computer, your web browser (the client) requests the website data from a web server. Server Response: The server processes the request, retrieves the necessary data or performs the required task, and sends a response back to the client. For example, the web server sends the requested website content to your browser. Con...

Web Server: Web server is a program which processes the network requests of the users and serves them with files that create web pages. This exchange takes place using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Basically, web servers are computers used to store HTTP files which makes a website and when a client requests a certain website, it delivers the requested website to the client. For example, you want to open Facebook on your laptop and enter the URL in the search bar of google. Now, the laptop will send an HTTP request to view the facebook webpage to another computer known as the webserver. This computer (webserver) contains all the files (usually in HTTP format) which make up the website like text, images, gif files, etc. After processing the request, the webserver will send the requested website-related files to your computer and then you can reach the website. Different websites can be stored on the same or different web servers but that doesn’t affect the actual website that you a...

Network topology refers to the arrangement of various elements (links, nodes, etc.) in a computer network. Understanding these layouts helps us optimize network performance, fault tolerance, and scalability. There are several key network topologies, each with unique features, advantages, and disadvantages. Here’s an overview: 1.  Bus Topology Description : In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single central cable, known as the "bus." This cable acts as the shared communication medium. Pros : Simple to set up and expand. Requires less cable compared to other topologies. Cons : Limited cable length and number of nodes. Performance decreases as more devices connect. Troubleshooting can be difficult, and a fault in the main cable halts the entire network. Use Cases : Small, temporary networks and early LAN setups. 2.  Ring Topology Description : In ring topology, each device connects to exactly two others, forming a circular pathway for signals. Data travels in one d...